Copyright and licences — Towardia

Towardia texts and compilations

The texts, the structure of the website, the selections of questions and answers and the choice of sources are © 2026 Clayarena s. r. o. All rights reserved. They are protected by copyright (in particular Zákon č. 185/2015 Z. z. Autorský zákon) and, as a collection of materials, may also be protected by the sui generis database right (Directive 96/9/EC).

What you may do without asking

• Link to any Towardia page.
• Quote short passages to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation, provided that you credit the source with a link (see the section below).

Credit to the source is required

If you use Towardia material — quote a passage, retell facts from a page or reproduce one of our selections — you must credit the source:

• Online — an active hyperlink to the original Towardia page, naming "Towardia" and the page title. The link must be visible to readers, not hidden.
• In print and other offline material — the name "Towardia", the page title and its full address (for example, towardia.com/en/…).
• Do not alter the content in a way that distorts the facts, and do not present the material as your own.

Use without crediting the source is not permitted. This rule does not replace the terms of the licences of photographs and third-party data (see below), which must be observed separately.

What requires written permission

• copying entire pages or substantial parts of texts;
• distributing texts in modified form or in translation;
• using texts for commercial purposes.

Send permission requests to fenix [at] ava.com.ua (temporary address; replace [at] with @).

Photographs

Photographs on the website come from Wikimedia Commons, where they are published under free licences (for example, Creative Commons) or as public domain works. The author and licence are shown under each photo. The rights to the photographs belong to their authors; to reuse a photo, follow the terms of its own licence, not the terms of this page.

Data

Some data about concepts (for example, identifiers and basic facts) comes from Wikidata, whose data is available under the CC0 1.0 public domain dedication.

Other third-party material

Where a page uses third-party material on other terms, those terms and the source are stated next to it.

Names and trademarks

Names of producers and products and trademarks belong to their owners. Mentioning them on the website is for information only and does not imply endorsement, cooperation or advertising.

Reporting an infringement

If you believe that material on the website infringes your rights, write to fenix [at] ava.com.ua and state:

1. which work or material is concerned;
2. the address of the Towardia page where it appears;
3. the basis of your rights;
4. your contact details.

We will review the notice without delay and, if it is justified, remove or correct the material.

See also: Legal notice · About Towardia

Updated: 2026-10-23