🍷 Wine
A drink made by fermenting grape juice.
Wine is a drink made by the alcoholic fermentation of grape juice. Yeast feeds on the sugar in the grapes and turns it into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Most wines have 9 to 15% alcohol. Wine is made from grapes of the species Vitis vinifera, which grow on the grapevine.
It all starts in the vineyard. Viticulture looks after the vine: pruning, the trellis, the harvest. Then winemaking takes over: the grapes are crushed, the juice ferments, and the wine is aged and bottled. The science of wine is called oenology, and the study of grape varieties is ampelography.
The taste of wine depends on the variety, the climate, the soil and the people who make it. Together this is called terroir. The vintage matters too: in a warm year the grapes are sweeter, in a cool one more acidic.
There are many types of wine: still, sparkling, dessert and fortified. Sparkling wine is made, for example, by the traditional method or the Charmat method. Wine contains alcohol, so it is sold only to adults and is best drunk in moderation.
What it includes
- 🍷 Types of wine
- 🗺️ Wines of Europe
- 🏷️ Wine classifications
- 🥃 Grape products
- 🍇 Grape varieties
- 🦠 Botrytis cinerea
- 🍷 In vino veritas
- 🍷 Azarphesha
- 🍷 Excise on wine
- 🍷 Alcohol and health
- 🍷 Ampelography
- 🍷 Ancestral method
- 🍷 Appassimento
- 🍷 Wine aroma
- 🍷 Assemblage
- 🍷 Concrete vat
- 🐝 Biodiversity in vineyards
- 🍷 Wine glass
- 🦠 Grapevine diseases
- 🍷 Cooper
- 🌿 Bordeaux mixture
- 🍷 Fermentation
- 🍷 Wineskin
- 🍷 Bag-in-box
- 🍷 Wine bucket
- 🍷 Wine bottle
- 🍷 Wine list
- 🍷 Wine routes
- 🍷 Wine auction
- 🍷 Wine critic
- 🍷 Wine shop
- 🍷 Lees
- 🍷 Wine cellar
- 🍷 Wine tanker ship
- 🍷 Wine tourism
- 🍷 Wine (colour)
- 🍷 Wine refrigerator
- 🍷 Canned wine
- 🍷 Wine in Islam
- 🍷 Wine in carton
- 🌿 Viticulture
- 🍷 Vigneron (grape grower)
- 🌿 Grapevine
- 🌿 Vineyard
- 🍷 Winemaker
- 🍷 Winemaking
- 🍷 Winery
- 🦠 Grapevine pests
- 🍷 Secondary fermentation
- 🍷 Lees ageing
- 🍷 Histamine in wine
- 🍷 Clay wine vessels
- 🍷 Glycerol
- 🌿 Vintage
- 🍷 Georgian supra
- 🍷 Dealcoholisation
- 🍷 Wine tasting
- 🍷 Decanter
- 🍷 Demijohn
- 🍷 Wooden vat
- 🍷 Dessert wine
- 🍷 Wine faults
- 🍷 Home winemaking
- 🍷 Yeast
- 🍷 Oak barrel
- 🍷 Eucharist
- 🍷 Jean-Antoine Chaptal
- 🍷 Legal drinking age
- 🍷 History of wine
- 🍷 Calories in wine
- 🍷 Carafe
- 🍷 Carbonation
- 🍷 Kiddush
- 🍷 Oxygen
- 🍷 Acidity
- 🍷 Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855
- 🍷 Wine cooperative
- 🍷 Fortification
- 🍷 Cuvée
- ⚙️ Filling line
- 🌿 Canopy (grape)
- 🐝 Horse ploughing in vineyards
- 🍷 Louis Pasteur
- 🍷 Master of Wine
- 🍷 Cellar master
- 🍷 Charmat method
- 🍷 Methuen Treaty
- 🧫 Lactic acid bacteria
- 🍷 Protected designation of origin
- 🍷 Bulk wine
- 🏛️ UNESCO wine heritage
- 🍷 Négociant
- 🍷 Continuous method
- 🍷 Stainless steel tank
- 🍷 Noah's vineyard
- 🌿 Vine pruning
- 🐝 Sheep grazing in vineyards
- 🍷 International Organisation of Vine and Wine
- 🍷 Oxidation of wine
- 🍷 Omar Khayyam
- 🌿 Organic viticulture
- 🌿 Irrigation
- 🍷 Pasteurisation of wine
- 🍷 Racking
- 🌿 Grapevine nursery
- 🍷 Vine nurseryman
- 🍷 Polyphenols
- 🍷 Porrón
- 🍷 Posset
- 🍷 Wine harvest festival
- 🌿 Grafting
- 🍷 Cork (stopper)
- 🐝 Cork oak
- 🍷 En primeur
- 🐝 Birds in vineyards
- 🍷 Reduction (wine)
- 🍷 Refractometer
- 🍷 Rhyton
- 🍷 Drinking horn (kantsi)
- 🍷 Sabrage
- 🍷 Grape sugar
- 🌿 Grape harvest
- 🍷 Grape picker
- 🍷 Light strike
- 🍷 Saint Nino
- 🍷 Saint Vincent of Saragossa
- 🌿 Pruning shears
- 🌿 Sulphur dusting
- 🍷 Syllabub
- 🍷 Tears of wine
- 🍷 Sommelier
- 🍷 Wine and food pairing
- 🌿 Grape ripeness
- 🍷 Alcohol in wine
- 🍷 Sulphites (SO2)
- 🍷 Prohibition in the United States
- 🍷 Tannins
- 🍷 Tastevin
- 🍷 Body (wine)
- 🍷 Serving temperature
- 🌿 Terroir
- 🍷 Tokaji
- 🍷 Toast (honor)
- 🍷 Traditional method
- 🍷 Vineyard tractor driver
- 🍷 Acetic acid bacteria
- 🌿 Yield (wine)
- 🌿 Sustainable viticulture
- 🍷 Photosynthesis
- 🍷 Cold stabilisation
- 🍷 Wine colour
- 🌿 Cutting
- 🌿 Trellis
- 🍷 Corkscrew
- 🍷 Oenologist
- 🍷 Oenology
- 🍷 Enoteca (wine library)
Links
- Processing steps
- 🌿 Grape
- Works with
- 🍷 Alcoholic fermentation
- Wine and milk
- 🥛 Milk, 🧀 Cheese
Frequently asked questions
What is wine made from?
From grape juice fermented by yeast. Wines made from other fruit are called fruit wines.
How much alcohol is in wine?
Most still wines have 9 to 15% alcohol. Fortified wines such as port or sherry are usually stronger, at 15 to 22%.
What is the difference between red and white wine?
Red wine ferments with the skins of dark grapes, which give it colour and tannins. White wine is usually made from the juice alone, without the skins.
⚠️ Wine contains alcohol: adults only, drink in moderation. Wine usually contains sulphites; egg white or milk proteins are sometimes used for fining — important for allergies and for vegans.